王奔,史忠澳,祝天龙,张棋.不同几何尺寸SiC微粒对机床导轨材料GCr15的磨损机制[J].表面技术,2025,54(1):140-149.
WANG Ben,SHI Zhong'ao,ZHU Tianlong,ZHANG Qi.Wear Mechanism of SiC Particles of Different Sizes on Machine Tool Guide Material GCr15[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(1):140-149 |
| 不同几何尺寸SiC微粒对机床导轨材料GCr15的磨损机制 |
| Wear Mechanism of SiC Particles of Different Sizes on Machine Tool Guide Material GCr15 |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-29 修订日期：2024-03-14 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.01.013 |
| 中文关键词: 机床导轨 销盘试验 三体磨粒磨损 摩擦磨损性能 磨损机制 |
| 英文关键词:machine guideway pin-disc test three body abrasive wear friction and wear properties wear mechanism |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51875367);辽宁省振兴人才计划(XLYC2007011);辽宁省自然科学基金(2020-MS-234);中国博士后科学基金(2020M670790) |
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| Author | Institution |
| WANG Ben | College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 11000, China |
| SHI Zhong'ao | College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 11000, China |
| ZHU Tianlong | College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 11000, China |
| ZHANG Qi | College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 11000, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探究不同几何尺寸SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料切屑对机床精密部件磨损性能的影响机制及磨损机理，为机床防护提供理论参考。方法 以机床精密部件——导轨运动副为例，利用SiC磨粒代替SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料切屑，采用机床导轨运动副材料GCr15轴承钢，在不同几何尺寸磨粒条件下进行销盘摩擦磨损试验，采用宏观摩擦因数和微观磨损形貌对磨损表面进行表征，探究磨损机制。结果 相较于无磨粒条件下，在加入磨粒后其摩擦因数更高、更不稳定。在磨粒条件下，GCr15轴承钢的磨损表面存在大量的平行凹槽和不规则压痕，并伴随着少量的剥落坑。随着磨粒尺寸的增加，损伤加重，平行凹槽磨损更深、更宽，表面材料的剥落坑更密集，同时，磨粒几何尺寸的增加导致更深的磨痕深度及更高的磨损量。结论 磨粒在摩擦界面存在游离和结合等2种运动形式，磨损机制为滚动挤压磨损与滑动开槽磨损的结合，且随着磨粒几何尺寸的增大，磨损机制由磨粒滚动挤压过渡为滑动开槽主导;1 μm和5 μm磨粒对摩擦进程的影响主要体现在剧烈磨损阶段，而10 μm和20 μm磨粒对整个进程都有明显影响，且大尺寸磨粒的加入会使摩擦副提前进入剧烈阶段;对比不同条件下的磨损形貌、摩擦因数及磨损量可知，1 μm和5 μm的磨粒对摩擦的影响较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to investigate the effect mechanism and wear mechanism of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite chips with different geometric dimensions on the wear performance of machine tool precision parts and provide theoretical reference for machine tool protection. With the guide rail moving part of machine tool precision parts as an example, SiC abrasive particles were adopted instead of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite chips, and the GCr15 bearing steel commonly used as the material of the guide rail moving part of the machine tool was used to conduct the friction and wear experiments on the pin and disc under the condition of abrasive particles of different geometric dimensions, and the macroscopic coefficient of friction and microscopic wear morphology was used to characterize the worn surface and investigate the wear mechanism. The coefficient of friction was stable in the absence of abrasive particles, showing a tendency to increase, decrease, stabilize and then increase again. Compared to the condition without abrasive particles, the addition of abrasive particles produced higher and more unstable coefficients of friction. The overall trend of the friction coefficients remained unchanged, although unstable fluctuations occurred between the 1 μm and 5 μm abrasive particle conditions, while the friction coefficients under the 10 μm and 20 μm grain conditions continued to increase instead of decreasing after the first increase, and under the 20 μm condition, the second increase in the friction coefficient occurred in advance. There were obvious parallel grooves accompanied by a small number of spalling pits on the wear surface of GCr15 bearing steel under both non-abrasive and abrasive grit conditions. However, there were a large number of irregular indentations on the wear surface under the abrasive grit condition. In addition, with the increase of abrasive grain size, the wear of grooves and indentations on the test surfaces was more severe, and the spalling pits of the surface material were more intensive, while the deeper depth of wear marks as well as the higher amount of wear was produced under the high geometric abrasive grain condition. There were two forms of motion of abrasive grains at the friction interface, free and bonded, and the wear mechanism was characterized by large abrasive grains bonded to the friction interface, resulting in sliding grooves, and small abrasive grains free in the grooves, where rolling and extrusion occurred. As a result, the wear mechanism is a combination of rolling extrusion wear and sliding groove wear, and as the grain geometry increases, the wear mechanism changes from rolling extrusion to sliding groove dominance. The addition of abrasive particles causes unstable wear, and the wear process can be divided into three stages:running-in wear, stable wear and heavy wear. 1 μm and 5 μm abrasive particles mainly affect the running-in process in the severe wear stage, while 10 μm and 20 μm abrasive particles have an obvious effect on the whole process, and the addition of large-sized abrasive particles accelerates the friction process. Through the comparison on the wear morphology, coefficient of friction and amount of wear under different conditions, the effect of 1 μm and 5 μm abrasive particles on friction is relatively small. |
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