| QIAO Yuhang,SUN Rui,LIU Shukun,WANG Xiaogang,LIU Guoliang,YANG Yong.Solidification Process and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Alloy Coating Deposited by Laser/Ultra-high Induction Hybrid Deposition[J],54(11):144-158 |
| Solidification Process and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Alloy Coating Deposited by Laser/Ultra-high Induction Hybrid Deposition |
| Received:November 02, 2024 Revised:March 07, 2025 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.11.012 |
| KeyWord:ultra-high frequency induction heat source current density laser deposition molten pool simulation phase field method dendrite growth |
| Author | Institution |
| QIAO Yuhang |
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Qingdao , China |
| SUN Rui |
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Qingdao , China |
| LIU Shukun |
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Qingdao , China |
| WANG Xiaogang |
Center for Technical Inspection and Testing, Sinopec Shengli Oil Field Branch, Shandong Dongying , China |
| LIU Guoliang |
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Qingdao , China |
| YANG Yong |
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Qingdao , China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to study the influence law of the UHF induction heat source on microstructure during the laser/ultra-high frequency (UHF) induction hybrid deposition process. A microscopic phase field (PF) model is established to numerically simulate dendrite growth during solidification. The macroscopic model of melt pool evolution is used to provide solidification parameters and flow conditions for the microscopic phase field model to simulate the dendrite growth and solute distribution phenomena during the laser/ultra-high frequency (UHF) induction deposition process at different current densities, so as to evaluate the effect of the laser/ultra-high frequency (UHF) induction deposition process on the dendrite growth. Analysis of the macroscopic evolution model of the molten pool shows that during the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposition process, the liquid metal flow velocity in the molten pool increases significantly, which strengthens the heat transfer in the molten pool and further leads to the decrease of temperature during the laser-UHF induction composite deposition process. With the increase of current density, the maximum temperature in the molten pool decreases from 2 196.5 K to 1 982.3 K. After the introduction of the UHF induction heat source in the deposition process, the temperature gradient and cooling rate along the solid-liquid interface front increases significantly, and then shows an approximately linear increase with the increase of current density. The introduction of UHF induction heating also changes the flow state in the melt pool, and the combined effect of Marangoni and Lorentz forces leads to strong convection currents in the melt pool. The melt flow velocity along the solid-liquid interface increases and then decreases. Subsequently, the solidification parameters and flow conditions are extracted at the solid-liquid interface of the melt pool and coupled with the phase field model, and the cyclic oscillation phenomenon of the dendrite growth velocity is observed in the dendrite growth model. The fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis shows that the dendrite growth velocity and the amplitude of the oscillations increase after the addition of the ultra-high frequency inductive heat source and the oscillatory phenomenon is more complicated. In addition, with the increase of current density, the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) of the laser/ultra-high frequency induction hybrid deposition layer gradually decreases, and the trend of the change is more gentle in the whole measurement range, which indicates that the addition of the ultra-high frequency induction heat source improves the stability and homogeneity of the temperature field of the molten pool. The study of solute distribution shows that the average concentration of Nb elements between dendrites decreases from 10.26% to 9.71% during the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposition process, and there is a more uniform distribution of solutes, which helps to increase the degree of subcooling between dendrites and reduce the PDAS. Secondly, with the increase of current density, the Nb element at the tip of the dendrite decays to the equilibrium concentration at a faster rate, and the solute diffuses faster, thus generating a greater growth driving force. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the UHF induction heat source in controlling the microstructure, different regions of the solid-liquid interface of the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposition layer are characterized by SEM and EDS. The laser-UHF induction composite deposition layer possesses a finer microstructure and weaker elemental segregation with the increase of current density. This work provides an effective model for the simulation of dendrite growth during laser-UHF induction composite deposition, and provides a reference for determining the optimal deposition process parameters. |
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