| LI Yamin,YANG Zhibo,ZHAO Bo,WANG Wei,GUO Qiang,ZHANG Yanru.Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Ultrasonic-assisted Laser Cladding Characteristics of the CuSn18Ti9 Alloy[J],54(7):162-179 |
| Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Ultrasonic-assisted Laser Cladding Characteristics of the CuSn18Ti9 Alloy |
| Received:June 22, 2024 Revised:October 14, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.07.014 |
| KeyWord:CuSn18Ti9 ultrasonic vibration laser cladding molten pool morphology Marangoni inertia force |
| Author | Institution |
| LI Yamin |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China;Xinxiang University, Henan Xinxiang , China |
| YANG Zhibo |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China;Hebi Polytechnic, Henan Hebi , China |
| ZHAO Bo |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China |
| WANG Wei |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China |
| GUO Qiang |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China |
| ZHANG Yanru |
Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding preparation of CBN/CuSnTi grinding wheels directly impacts the wheel quality through the distribution of molten pool temperature fields and the state of its flow field. The work aims to reveal mechanisms affecting the cladding layer morphology and reduce defects such as poor fusion, deformation cracking, and uneven structure. A coupled simulation model of temperature fields and flow fields during coaxial powder feeding laser cladding was established based on the time-varying thermophysical properties of 45 steel substrate and CuSn18Ti9 binder. The model considered the effects of ultrasonic vibration, ambient temperature, and the Marangoni effect. A dynamically meshed temperature field was used to approximate the molten pool shape and the effect of ambient temperature and ultrasonic vibration on molten pool temperature fields and flow fields was investigated under consistent process parameters during single-pass single-layer cladding. Additionally, it examined how variations in molten pool flow field fluid dynamics during the cladding process affected temperature fields and molten pool morphology. Under equivalent laser process parameters, at room temperature (substrate temperature 298.15 K), the temperature gradient during the temperature rise phase under no ultrasound was 435 K/s, and during the cooling phase, it was 161 K/s. With ultrasound, the temperature gradient during the rise phase was 344 K/s, and during the cooling phase, it was 160 K/s. The molten pool flow field exhibited an asymmetric double horseshoe shape with a maximum velocity of 0.017 6 m/s. Ultrasonic vibration reduced the gradient of liquid flow velocity driven by surface tension gradients behind the laser source movement, and shifted the center of the recirculation vortex generated by Marangoni force downwards by 7.8%. Under room temperature conditions with ultrasound, the molten pool height, depth, and width increased by −1.67%, 1.02%, and 9.96%, respectively, compared to conditions without ultrasound. Compared to room temperature, at a substrate preheating temperature of 573.15 K, the temperature gradient during the rise phase without ultrasound was 302 K/s, and during the cooling phase, it was 140 K/s. With ultrasound, the temperature gradient during the rise phase was 276 K/s, and during the cooling phase, it was 100 K/s. The molten pool flow field exhibited a single horseshoe shape, with a moderate velocity zone appearing at the bottom of the molten pool along the direction of laser spot movement, weakening the effect of bottom unidirectional heat flow on the upper part of the molten pool. Without ultrasound, the maximum and minimum values of the molten pool velocity field were 0.026 4 m/s and 0.000 207 m/s, respectively. With ultrasound, these values changed to 0.028 3 m/s and 0.000 308 m/s. Ultrasonic action shifted the center of the recirculation vortex of the molten pool downwards by 11.96%. Under substrate preheating conditions with ultrasound, the maximum velocity of the molten pool was 1.49 times that under conditions with ultrasound at room temperature, altering the unidirectional heat flow within the molten pool, thereby slowing down the cooling rate and growth rate of the solidification interface. This alteration could potentially change the preferential growth trend of crystal, affecting nucleation and growth processes. Simultaneously, the increases in molten pool height, depth, and width were 14.3%, 14.8%, and 0.68%, respectively. |
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