| ZHANG Guofa,WANG Litao,DING Wei,WU Bo,LYU Mei.Research and Application of Surface Modification Technology of Medical Silicone Rubber[J],54(4):55-69 |
| Research and Application of Surface Modification Technology of Medical Silicone Rubber |
| Received:May 08, 2024 Revised:September 06, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.04.004 |
| KeyWord:silicone rubber biotribology antibacterial lubricating coating surface modification |
| Author | Institution |
| ZHANG Guofa |
College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan , China;College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Shandong Rizhao , China |
| WANG Litao |
College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Shandong Rizhao , China |
| DING Wei |
Shandong Bainus Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shandong Rizhao , China |
| WU Bo |
Shandong Bainus Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shandong Rizhao , China |
| LYU Mei |
College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Shandong Rizhao , China |
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| Abstract: |
| As a polymer elastic material that combines inorganic and organic properties, silicone rubber is widely used in the fields of life science and medicine due to its high temperature resistance, aging resistance, high transparency, non-toxic and odorless properties, superior mechanical properties, and good biocompatibility. However, with the continuous advancement of medical technology, the requirements for medical products have become increasingly strict. Implantation of silicone rubber into living organisms can easily cause microbial contamination and high frictional resistance, which may lead to structural damage and thereby affect its clinical application. The characteristics and development history of medical silicone rubber are briefly introduced and the research and application of surface modified silicone rubber in antibacterial and surface lubrication properties are summarized by reviewing Chinese and foreign research results. In addition, the future development direction of medical silicone rubber coatings is also reviewed. Starting from the classification of medical silicone rubber surface coatings, the basic principles of antibacterial and lubricating coatings were expounded, and the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of various methods were clarified. In addition, commonly used coating preparation methods were briefly summarized, with a focus on vapor deposition technology, ultraviolet light grafting technology and reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Finally, by summarizing and reflecting on the current surface modification methods of silicone rubber, the future research directions for surface modification of silicone rubber were discussed. The commonly used medical silicone rubber antibacterial coatings include nanometallics, antibiotics, and nitric oxide. Metal nanomaterials can inactivate cells and prevent bacterial growth through physical interactions, metal ion leaching, direct generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or indirect increase in ROS production. As the main force in treating bacterial infections, antibiotics can significantly enhance the antibacterial performance of materials by utilizing their excellent antibacterial properties. Nitric oxide can participate in the antibacterial activity of macrophages, and then achieve antibacterial effects mainly through the nitrification of amines and thiols, lipid peroxidation, tyrosine nitration, and DNA lysis. Researchers have improved the antibacterial performance of materials by developing coatings containing molecules that can release NO. Commonly used lubricating coatings include polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and hyaluronic acid, as well as some other types of lubricating coatings, including nano composite hydrogel coating composed of graphene oxide nanosheets and zwitterionic polymethyl sulfonate betaine, coating prepared by hydrophilic polymer polymethyl acrylate hydroxyethyl ester, and some bionic coatings. These coatings have excellent hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of tissue inflammation. In addition, the surface coating technology of medical silicone rubber is also introduced. Vapor deposition technology including physical vapor deposition technology and chemical vapor deposition technology has been used to precisely control polymer chemistry, coating thickness, and shape retention, and this comprehensive control capacity of surface properties make its suitable for biological applications. Ultraviolet (UV) grafting technology is a method of modifying the surface by initiating polymerization reactions of monomers to form a layer of grafted polymer through UV. Due to mild and easy to control, simple initiation process, low cost, and no need to alter the characteristics of the material, UV grafting reaction is commonly used for surface modification treatment of silicone rubber. The reversible-deactivation radical polymerization technology introduces a reversible deactivation control agent for free radicals during the free radical polymerization process, thereby achieving precise control of the polymer molecular weight, prolonging the life of the growing chain, and reducing the proportion of terminating chains. This technology can prepare various polymers with low dispersion and controllable molecular structure, such as star shaped, cyclic, and brush shaped polymers. At present, researchers have successively developed different lubricating coatings and antibacterial coatings. However, there are still relatively few reports on the properties of coatings that have both antibacterial and good lubrication effects. Therefore, the development and research of future medical silicone rubber composite coatings is still a topic worth exploring in depth. |
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