| XU Shengda,ZENG Chao,JIANG Tao,LI Wenge,ZHAO Yuantao,LIU Zhu.Research Progress of Multifunctional Super-slip Surfaces Based on Wetting Theory[J],53(22):35-49 |
| Research Progress of Multifunctional Super-slip Surfaces Based on Wetting Theory |
| Received:March 05, 2024 Revised:March 27, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.22.003 |
| KeyWord:super-slippery surfaces wetting theory preparation method micro/nano structures multifunctional applications |
| Author | Institution |
| XU Shengda |
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai , China |
| ZENG Chao |
Zhejiang Yu Tong New Materials Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Taizhou , China |
| JIANG Tao |
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai , China |
| LI Wenge |
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai , China |
| ZHAO Yuantao |
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai , China |
| LIU Zhu |
Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College, Shandong Qingdao , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Inspired by porcupine, "slippery liquid infused porous surfaces" (SLIPS), also known as "super-slippery surfaces", with a stable continuous lubricant layer has been introduced into a substrate with a micro/nano-porous structure by injecting low-surface-energy lubricants. The surface is capable of repelling a wide range of liquids, with low droplet sliding resistance, good mechanical properties, high temperature and pressure resistance, self-cleaning, lubrication and friction reduction and self-healing properties. SLIPS has a broad application prospect in the field of corrosion and fouling resistance and drag reduction. Firstly, the theory of wetting of super-slippery surfaces was reviewed. The diffusion coefficients of the aqueous and oil phases in the gas phase, the wetting structures outside and underneath the droplets, the total interfacial energy per unit area of each structure, the equivalent criterion for the stability of each structure, and the twelve thermodynamic states on super-slippery surfaces were summarized. It was found that the lubricant film encapsulating the rough substrate was only stable when the substrate was completely wet, otherwise part of the substrate would wet out of the lubricant film. For the super-slippery surface to be in the desired state, the working fluid must form discrete droplets on the super-slippery surface and the lubricant must be well captured in the rough substrate to form an encapsulated state. Then, the preparation principle of super-slippery surface as well as the performance characteristics were reviewed. The methods of preparing rough substrates and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. The affecting factors of the stability of the super-slippery surface were discussed. In order to prepare super-slippery surfaces with excellent and stable performance, it is necessary to follow the design principles and at the same time fully understand the interactions between the substrate, the lubricant, the working fluid and the external gas. With regard to the characteristics of multifunctional super-slippery surfaces, the application mechanism and research status in six fields, namely, corrosion resistance, anti-icing, anti-fouling, drag reduction, oil-water separation, and water mist collection, are reviewed. The lubrication layer on the super-slippery surface is the key to the action. The lubricant layer has a low coefficient of friction and an extremely low sliding angle, which reduces the adhesion of fouling organisms. It can form a continuous and uniform liquid layer on the surface of the metal substrate, hindering the direct contact between the corrosive medium and the surface of the substrate, inhibiting the transfer of electrons and protecting the metal from corrosion. Stable uniform liquid layer can reduce the nucleation rate of ice in high humidity environment, delay the freezing time and reduce the adhesion strength of ice layer after freezing. Homogeneity attracts and heterogeneity repels. The lubricant layer is attractive to the oil phase and has excellent water repellency. Recirculation and stretching of the lubricant layer trapped between the surface bumps results in a greater slip rate at the interface between the lubricant and the ambient fluid, leading to drag reduction. The surface of the lubricant layer has excellent droplet migration. The liquid condenses and floats on top of the lubricant layer, has good mobility and tends to agglomerate, forming nucleation points. Super-slippery surfaces composed of biodegradable materials and biocompatible lubricants resist biological contamination through fixed and molecularly smooth liquid interfaces. Finally, the prospect of the development of super-slippery surfaces is made. The future super-slippery surfaces should be developed in the direction of simple and effective preparation process, stable mechanical properties, multifunctionality, and green environmental protection. |
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