| ZHAO Tianqi,ZHAO Jibin,HE Zhenfeng,WANG Zhiguo,ZHAO Yuhui,CHEN Yan.Numerical Simulation of Multi-element Transport Behavior during Surface Deposition of Heterogeneous Alloy in 304LN[J],53(19):141-152 |
| Numerical Simulation of Multi-element Transport Behavior during Surface Deposition of Heterogeneous Alloy in 304LN |
| Received:October 10, 2023 Revised:March 01, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.19.013 |
| KeyWord:surface deposition multi-element transport element distribution heat transfer cobalt-based alloy |
| Author | Institution |
| ZHAO Tianqi |
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan , China |
| ZHAO Jibin |
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China;Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China |
| HE Zhenfeng |
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China;Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China |
| WANG Zhiguo |
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China;Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China |
| ZHAO Yuhui |
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China;Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China |
| CHEN Yan |
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan , China |
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| Abstract: |
| The work aims to investigate the multi-element transport mechanism during laser deposition of Stellite 6 alloy on the surface of 304LN stainless steel. In this study, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was employed to simulate the heat conduction and flow characteristics of the melt pool, and the multi-element transport processes, aiming to investigate the principles of multiple elements diffusion in the deposited layer and the distribution characteristics of strengthening phases. Firstly, a two-phase solidification 2D model based on the VOF method was developed, taking into account the element transport model and the melting-solidification lever rule. The model was used to investigate the distribution mechanism of three main elements during deposition of Stellite 6 cobalt alloy powders on a 304LN stainless steel substrate. Then, transient temperature distribution and flow field data at different locations were obtained. Finally, the calculated geometrical shapes and element distributions under different processing parameters were found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The accurate identification of the liquid-vapor interface area was achieved by tracking the gradient differences of second phase volume fraction in the computational grid. Here, the thermal properties of the material were defined based on a mixture rule, taking into account the reaction time of the mechanical arm servo. Compared to multiple experimental results, the average geometric shape error was 2.67%, and the mass score error of the main elements was 0.64% (Fe), 1.27% (Co), and 0.31% (Cr). Moreover, a comet tail-like temperature field was observed at the rear end of the melt pool, resulting in Marangoni convection caused by temperature gradients, and leading to the further mixing of various elements. At the same time, the distribution characteristics of three main elements in the deposited layer varied. Due to the effect of Marangoni convection, the distribution of Fe element was relatively uniform in the overall region, but the concentration sharply increased in the bottom layer. While, the concentration of Co element gradually decreased from top to bottom due to the deposition process, with a significant decrease near the bottom of the deposited layer. The concentration of Cr element exhibited a slight enrichment in the middle of the deposited layer due to the solidification of the strengthening phase, resulting in a slight increase in hardness in this region. The effect of temperature fields, flow fields, and solidification phase transformations on the distribution of multiple elements during the deposition process is studied. By comparing the results, it is found that the overall distribution of various elements is relatively uniform, with only significant variations occurring at the bottom of the melt pool. Furthermore, variations in processing parameters have a significant impact on the content of strengthening phases, which leads to substantial differences in the mechanical properties of the deposited layer. The developed model demonstrates excellent simulation performance in replicating the deposition experiments, providing an effective theoretical reference for controlling the size of the dilution region and the distribution of each element. |
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