| YANG Fan,ZHU Shidong,ZHANG Jingang,YUAN Qingying.Research Progress of Common Microbial Corrosion in Oil and Gas Fields[J],53(18):55-66 |
| Research Progress of Common Microbial Corrosion in Oil and Gas Fields |
| Received:December 18, 2023 Revised:April 20, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.18.004 |
| KeyWord:microbial corrosion corrosion factors interaction effect corrosion mechanism corrosion protection |
| Author | Institution |
| YANG Fan |
Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and New Materials for Oil and Gas Fields of Shaanxi Higher Education Institutes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| ZHU Shidong |
Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and New Materials for Oil and Gas Fields of Shaanxi Higher Education Institutes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| ZHANG Jingang |
Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Petroleum and Natural Gas Tubular Goods Co., Ltd., Xi'an , China |
| YUAN Qingying |
Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Petroleum and Natural Gas Tubular Goods Co., Ltd., Xi'an , China |
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| Abstract: |
| With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas, the Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) used for injection, production and transportation in oil and gas are facing more and more service working environment. In addition to CO2, H2S, Cl− and other corrosive components in the oil and gas fluids, there is also a special class of "groups"- microorganisms. In the process of injection, production and transportation, the internal microbial corrosion is considered to be one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failure. Metal corrosion losses caused by microbes (MIC) account for 20% of all metal corrosion losses. In recent years, with the continuous progress of material characterization technology, the mechanism of microbial corrosion and corrosion protection has been fully developed. Based on the microbial corrosion environment in oil and gas fields, the characteristics of the common microbial species in oil and gas fields and their hazards were introduced. Meanwhile, the interaction between microorganisms and other corrosive factors (e.g., CO2, H2S, Cl−, and temperature) in oil and gas fields was summarized, and the mechanism of microbial corrosion in oil and gas fields was emphasized. In addition, the microbial protection techniques such as physical, biological, and chemical methods were summarized. The results showed that during the interaction of microorganisms with other corrosive factors, corrosive ions and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by bacteria worked together to promote the rate of electron transport across membranes, accelerating corrosion on metal surfaces. Under aerobic conditions, microorganisms formed oxygen-concentration batteries through their life activities, causing localized corrosion. Uneven distribution of biofilms on metal surfaces led to uneven oxygen diffusion and localized accumulation of corrosion products, resulting in different oxygen concentrations or different consumption of oxygen by bacterial respiration on metal surfaces. This led to the formation of oxygen concentration differences in different areas, which resulted in the formation of an oxygen concentration battery, in turn generating a potential difference and causing pitting and crevice corrosion. Under anaerobic conditions, H2/formate and redox-active organic molecules produced by microorganisms (flavin, phenazine, and humic acid), which acted as carriers of electron shuttling during microbial corrosion, could transfer electrons from the cell to extracellular electron acceptors and promote the corrosion of metallic iron (Fe0). In addition, bacteria could also utilize c-type cytochromes and conductive nanowires for direct electron transfer to obtain energy for the bacterial corrosion process. The environment that microorganisms depend on for survival and reproduction seriously affects the activity and growth rate of microorganisms, which changes the metabolic process, characteristics of metabolites and corrosion products, etc., affecting the corrosion behavior of metal microorganisms. However, the environment of injection-production-transport system is complex in which multi-bacteria and multi-factors coexist, so the corrosion behavior and local corrosion mechanism under this condition need to be further explored. At present, corrosion protection technology for metal pipes is being developed in China and overseas. Based on the MIC mechanism, new coatings, antimicrobial tubes, compounded biocides, and corrosion inhibitors obtained by processing from natural plant and animal extracts could effectively inhibit MIC and reduce microbial corrosion losses in pipelines. Future research directions will be to study the microbial corrosion process from the bio-electrochemical and bioenergetics perspectives deeply to enhance the protective effect on oil and gas extraction and transportation pipelines. |
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