| SONG Baoqiang,MEN Xiuhua,ZHANG Guochang,PAN Yongzhi,LI Yan,JIANG Zhenfeng,FU Xiuli.Review of Dynamic Evolution of Laser Cladding Molten Pool and Defect Process Regulation[J],53(10):71-91 |
| Review of Dynamic Evolution of Laser Cladding Molten Pool and Defect Process Regulation |
| Received:May 27, 2023 Revised:August 21, 2022 |
| View Full Text View/Add Comment Download reader |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.10.006 |
| KeyWord:laser cladding heat source model molten pool evolution melting process defect control composite energy field regulation |
| Author | Institution |
| SONG Baoqiang |
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan , China |
| MEN Xiuhua |
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan , China |
| ZHANG Guochang |
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan , China |
| PAN Yongzhi |
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan , China |
| LI Yan |
Shandong Zibo Daya Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Zibo , China |
| JIANG Zhenfeng |
Shandong Zibo Daya Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Zibo , China |
| FU Xiuli |
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Laser cladding is a high-energy beam additive repair technology, which has a series of advantages such as small heat-affected zone, strong controllable microstructure properties and wide range of material selection, which can effectively improve and enhance the mechanical, metallurgical, physical and other properties of the substrate surface. At present, laser cladding technology has been widely used in the additive manufacturing and molding of key components such as fuel nozzles and eddies in the aerospace field, as well as the repair and re-manufacturing of vulnerable parts such as molds and rails in the field of energy and power. Laser cladding is an energy deposition technology with "laser" as the heat source. The whole process involves powder transportation, material melting and coating solidification and other links, including convection, heat transfer, mass transfer and crystallization and other physical and chemical phenomena, affected by laser process parameters, powder and matrix materials and processing environment and other factors. During the whole cladding process, the surface temperature changes drastically, the solidification rate of the molten pool is large, and the metallurgical defects of the cladding layer such as pores and cracks are not in place due to the lack of matching and regulation of various factors such as heat source characteristics, process parameters and material properties, which in turn adversely affect the mechanical and microstructure properties of the processed or repaired structure. The metal molten pool has the solidification characteristics of "rapid heat and quenching", and its internal convection, heat transfer and mass transfer behaviors determine the temperature and stress distribution state in the cladding layer, which is the key factor inducing the formation of internal defects such as pores and cracks in the cladding layer. From the perspective of analyzing the dynamic physical characteristics of convection, heat transfer and mass transfer in the molten pool during the laser cladding process, this paper discussed the formation mechanism of the liquid molten pool of laser cladding, the reasonable selection of laser heat source model, and the multiphysics numerical simulation of "flow field + temperature field + stress field" in the dynamic molten pool. On this basis, the formation mechanism and characteristics of cracks and pores of typical defects of laser cladding coatings were analyzed, and the intrinsic correlation mechanism and regulation mode of "material-process-melting behavior-coating defect" were summarized from the perspective of single process regulation. At the same time, considering that only through material design, process parameter optimization and other single methods had limited effect on the control of hydrodynamic behavior in the molten pool, it was difficult to get rid of the dilemma that traditional process control methods relied too much on a large amount of data and were greatly affected by test errors. The three energy fields of ultrasonic energy field, electromagnetic energy field and induction heat energy field were summarized in the laser cladding process, and the influence mechanism on the molten pool and the regulation effect of defects was analyzed. Finally, the problems existing in the dynamic formation of laser cladding layer defects were summarized, and its development trend was prospected. |
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