| LIU Ming-yue,HUANG Zhi-quan,ZHANG Xi-yu,Ann，Zammit,Joseph，Buhagiar,Glenn，Cassar,WANG Jian-ming,CHEN Jian.Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of CrTiAlN Coatings by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering[J],52(10):367-375 |
| Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of CrTiAlN Coatings by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering |
| Received:December 18, 2022 Revised:May 06, 2023 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.10.032 |
| KeyWord:magnetron sputtering CrTiAlN coating friction and wear corrosion cavitation erosion |
| Author | Institution |
| LIU Ming-yue |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing , China |
| HUANG Zhi-quan |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing , China |
| ZHANG Xi-yu |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing , China |
| Ann，Zammit |
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta |
| Joseph，Buhagiar |
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta |
| Glenn，Cassar |
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta |
| WANG Jian-ming |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing , China |
| CHEN Jian |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing , China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to improve the service performance of underwater propulsion systems in complex and variable marine environment, surface modification technology has been widely used for the protection of the metal surface. To alleviate the problem of cavitation failure on the metallic surface of the power systems, CrTiAlN coating was prepared on AISI 316 stainless steel (316 SS) substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology. Through an orthogonal experimental design, the optimal target current of Cr, Ti, Al was obtained based upon the coating hardness. The phase, morphology, composition and surface roughness of the coating were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and AFM. Vickers and Rockwell hardness testing and scratch testing were used to evaluate the microhardness and the adhesion of the coating. The dry friction and wear resistance, corrosion resistance and cavitation erosion resistance of the coating were evaluated by Ball-disk wear, electrochemical test and cavitation erosion test, respectively. The results showed that the optimal target current of Cr, Ti and Al was 4 A, 8 A and 8 A respectively. The coating possessed 49.95% Cr, 11.99% Ti, 24.41% Al and 13.65% N; and the thickness and adhesion grade were 4.33 μm and HF3, respectively. Dense uniform round particles could be clearly observed on the coating surface, and the cross-sectional morphology showed that there were Cr bonding layer, CrN transition layer and CrTiAlN top layer with no obvious voids and defects. The nano-hardness of coating was (17.00±0.99)GPa much higher than that of 316 SS. During the ball-disk wear test, the friction coefficients of 316 SS and CrTiAlN coating were 0.45 and 0.34 respectively, and the maximum depth and width of wear scar of the coating were 1.13 μm and 286 μm, much less than those of 316 SS (12.14 μm and 665 μm), indicating the superior wear resistance. According to the surface morphology and composition analysis, the 316 SS suffers severe abrasive wear and oxidation wear, while the CrTiAlN coating undergoes mild oxidation wear and fatigue wear. In 3.5% NaCl solution, the CrTiAlN coating has the higher value of the corrosion potential and the lower value of the corrosion current than 316 SS. Thus, the coated material exhibits better corrosion resistance than bare 316 SS, which can significantly extend the service life. During the cavitation erosion tests for 30 min, no obvious weight loss has been identified, but the surface roughness (Ra) of 316 SS significantly increases from an average of 4.5 nm to 112.0 nm with the appearance of appreciable wrinkle patterns, and a large amount of cavitation pits can be observed. In contrast, the surface of the CrTiAlN coating becomes slightly rough, and the Ra increases from 4.8 nm to 10.0 nm. In addition, only sporadic peeling occurs at coating defects. It reveals that the CrTiAlN coating can effectively mitigate the impact of cavitation erosion and improve cavitation resistance of 316 SS. Therefore, CrTiAlN coating can be potentially used as a protective coating for key components of engineering equipment in the marine environment. |
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