| LI Xian-zhun,ZHANG Hao-qiang,DING Lan,DONG Shu-liang.Research Progress of Fabrication Methods for Copper-based Superhydrophobic Surfaces[J],52(9):79-95 |
| Research Progress of Fabrication Methods for Copper-based Superhydrophobic Surfaces |
| Received:June 25, 2022 Revised:November 24, 2022 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.09.006 |
| KeyWord:superhydrophobic surface copper corrosion resistance self-cleaning fabrication methods oil-water separation |
| Author | Institution |
| LI Xian-zhun |
College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Tangshan , China |
| ZHANG Hao-qiang |
College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Tangshan , China |
| DING Lan |
College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Tangshan , China |
| DONG Shu-liang |
College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Tangshan , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Copper is one of the earliest metals used by human beings, which has been widely used in industrial development because of its excellent mechanical properties. With the continuous optimization of production conditions, copper alloys are produced by adding one or more other elements to pure copper. The properties of copper alloys have been greatly improved in terms of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and non-magnetism. Copper and its alloys are widely used in mobile communication, ocean engineering, energy, aerospace and other fields. Superhydrophobic surfaces are widespread in nature, such as lotus leaf surface, butterfly wing surface, and water strider leg surface. Superhydrophobic surfaces have the potential application value in electronic devices, medical equipment, anti-corrosion circuits and other fields because of their non-infiltration, antibacterial, anti-icing and self-cleaning properties. Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys can improve their application in various fields with reducing the wastage of copper and its alloys and decreasing waste of resources. In this work, the research progress of fabrication methods of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces was summarized. The basic wetting theories of superhydrophobic surfaces were briefly introduced, including Young's model, Wenzel's model and Cassie-Baxter's model. The theoretical models revealed the mechanism of superhydrophobicity on different surfaces and provided the theoretical basis for the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys. The methods of superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys according to the basic principle were as follows:increasing the surface roughness of materials and reducing the surface energy. The methods of superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys were described in this paper, for example self-assembly method, etching method, electrochemical deposition method, laser composite processing method, hydrothermal method and sol-gel method. The advantages and disadvantages of each method on the application properties of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces were analyzed. In terms of preparation methods, the self-assembly method, etching method and electrochemical deposition method had environmental pollution problems. A large amount of strong acid-base solutions or heavy metal salt solution had serious negative impact on the environment. In addition, the bonding strength between the surface structures and the substrate and the mechanical durability needed to be improved. However, Laser composite processing with the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, low cost, good mechanical durability, and free of acid-base solutions were expected to be applied earlier in practice. Furthermore, the applications of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces in different fields, such as self-cleaning, corrosion resistance and oil-water separation, were summarized. Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys could improve their application in various fields with reducing the wastage of copper and its alloys and decreasing waste of resources. The main questions in the fabrication of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces were discussed. The influence of fabrication methods on the application performance of copper-based superhydrophobic surface was analyzed. The wear resistance of superhydrophobic surfaces was the biggest problem with copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces, for example, part of the micro-/nanoscale hierarchical structures on copper and its alloys were irreversibly damaged, when the surfaces were in contact with a harder substance. In addition, the low surface energy substances would gradually decompose after a period of time, which would lead to the decrease or disappearance of the surface superhydrophobicity. The development direction of fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on copper and its alloys in the future was pointed out. The wear resistance and stability of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces may be improved through preparation of superhydrophobic surface with self-healing or changing the form of micro-/nanoscale hierarchical structures. Furthermore, fabrication methods of copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces with simple process and low cost still have broad application prospects. |
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