郑亚风,王贺超,黄天天,马勇博,田懿,王晔,吴国龙,姚建华.WC-Ni金属陶瓷激光辅助射流电化学加工去除机理[J].表面技术,2025,54(11):130-143.
ZHENG Yafeng,WANG Hechao,HUANG Tiantian,MA Yongbo,TIAN Yi,WANG Ye,WU Guolong,YAO Jianhua.Material Removal Mechanisms during Laser-assisted Jet Electrochemical Processing of WC-Ni Cermet[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(11):130-143 |
| WC-Ni金属陶瓷激光辅助射流电化学加工去除机理 |
| Material Removal Mechanisms during Laser-assisted Jet Electrochemical Processing of WC-Ni Cermet |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-04 修订日期：2025-03-14 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.11.011 |
| 中文关键词: 金属陶瓷 去材加工 激光辅助射流电化学加工 钝化层 去除机理 |
| 英文关键词:cermet material removal processing laser-assisted jet electrochemical machining passivation layer removal mechanisms |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金区域创新联合基金重点项目(U22A20199);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U2130122);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ24E050017) |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 郑亚风 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 王贺超 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 黄天天 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 马勇博 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 田懿 | 中国工程物理研究院，四川 绵阳 621700 |
| 王晔 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 吴国龙 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
| 姚建华 | 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院 机械工程学院，杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心，杭州 310023 |
|
| Author | Institution |
| ZHENG Yafeng | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| WANG Hechao | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| HUANG Tiantian | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| MA Yongbo | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| TIAN Yi | China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan Mianyang 621700, China |
| WANG Ye | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| WU Guolong | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| YAO Jianhua | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探讨激光辅助射流电化学加工(LAJECM)过程中激光对WC-Ni金属陶瓷材料组织钝化的影响，并阐明其材料去除机理。方法 在中性电解液中开展LAJECM实验，并结合电化学测试、激光共聚焦显微镜、示波器、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱(EDS)等分析方法。结果 在激光辐照作用下，加工截面轮廓从“W”形转变成“U”形，提高了加工深度和定域性，材料去除率和加工电流增大，加工表面质量得到改善。激光加速了钝化层的脱落，促进了材料的均匀溶解。同时，在激光辐照下，表面钝化层组织的成分发生了变化，WO3的比例降低，而WC的比例升高。结论 在JECM过程中，同时发生了溶解和钝化，Ni相优先溶解，而WC易被氧化生成钝化层。在LAJECM过程中，激光诱导的冲击力效应导致阳极平衡电位发生阴极偏移，增大了加工电流密度;激光的热效应使得电解液的温度急剧升高，导致水分蒸发和盐浓度增加，从而加快了电化学反应速率;激光热-力耦合作用共同促进了物质的传递，使离子加速通过表面钝化层，并渗透至基体，进而削弱了钝化层与基体的结合力，加速了钝化层的脱落，促进了材料的均匀溶解。在激光脉冲间歇期，电化学反应重新主导加工过程，加速了钝化层的再生，加工区域呈现钝化层破坏与再生交替进行的动态平衡，实现了材料的持续高效去除。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to the challenges posed by multi-phase dissolution inhomogeneity, passivation, and stray corrosion during the electrochemical machining of cermet materials, the work aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative experimental study on WC-Ni cermet under neutral electrolyte conditions. Jet Electrochemical Machining (JECM) and Laser-Assisted Jet Electrochemical Machining (LAJECM) were employed to elucidate the material removal mechanisms. The first phase of the study involved electrochemical testing of WC-Ni cermet to investigate their dissolution and passivation behavior in a neutral NaCl electrolyte. Subsequently, the Ni and WC phases dissolution, passivation, and removal mechanisms during the LAJECM process were explored. This was achieved through a series of comparative experiments involving Single-Jet Electrochemical Machining and Laser-Assisted Jet Electrochemical Machining on WC-Ni cermet. The analysis was further enhanced by investigating material removal mechanisms through electrochemical testing, laser confocal microscopy (Vk-X1000), oscilloscope and current probe (Tektronix TDS 2012C), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to provide a comprehensive insight into the underlying processes. Electrochemical test results indicated that WC-Ni cermet underwent three distinct stages during electrochemical machining, including dissolution, passivation, and over-passivation. In the single electrochemical machining, the machined surface exhibited intermediate bumps, with the cross-sectional profile resembling a 'W' shape, and the passivation layer displayed an uneven surface characterized by stacked bumps. However, under simultaneous laser irradiation, the cross-sectional profile shifted to an approximate 'U' shape, the passivation layer became smoother, and aggregated particles were observed in the distribution. Furthermore, the laser enhanced processing depth, suppressed stray corrosion at the edges of the pits, and improved the precision of the process. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that the tungsten (W) in the passivation layer primarily existed as tungsten trioxide (WO3) during the single electrochemical machining. In contrast, during the laser-assisted jet electrochemical machining, the oxygen content in the surface passivation layer decreased, while the tungsten and carbon contents increased. In the LAJECM process, the synergistic effect of laser and electrolyte promotes the homogeneous dissolution of materials. The thermal effect under laser action prompts a sharp increase in the electrolyte temperature, which in turn accelerates the movement of ions in the solution and enhances the conductivity of the electrolyte. The laser-induced impact force effect leads to a cathodic shift in the anodic equilibrium potential, which increases the processing current density under the condition of constant external voltage. The laser irradiation makes the temperature difference between the laser irradiated area and the non-irradiated area increase, and the resulting micro stirring effect promotes the material transfer. The increase in local temperature under laser action leads to evaporation of water and increase in salt concentration, which further accelerates the material dissolution. In terms of electrochemical action, the electrolyte penetrates the substrate through the cracks on the passivation layer, weakening the bonding force between the surface passivation layer and the substrate, leading to the start of dislodging of the passivation layer and WC particles under the impact of the electrolyte. During the intervals between the laser pulses, electrochemical reactions re-dominate the surface processes, leading to the formation of a new passivation layer. This dynamic equilibrium of the formation of the laser-assisted jet electrochemical machining of the material removal mode in the processing area shows the passivation layer destruction and regeneration alternately, achieving the continuous removal of the material. |
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