刘晓坤,颜世铛,张衡,师陆冰,刘忠明,裴帮,何旭.基于平面压入方法的齿轮钢表面硬化层力学性能试验研究[J].表面技术,2025,54(7):225-234.
LIU Xiaokun,YAN Shidang,ZHANG Heng,SHI Lubing,LIU Zhongming,PEI Bang,HE Xu.Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Surface-hardened Layer of Gear Steel Based on Flat Indentation Method[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(7):225-234 |
| 基于平面压入方法的齿轮钢表面硬化层力学性能试验研究 |
| Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Surface-hardened Layer of Gear Steel Based on Flat Indentation Method |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-19 修订日期：2024-10-09 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.07.019 |
| 中文关键词: 硬化层 齿轮钢 应力-应变关系 能量密度等效 平面压入 有限元分析 |
| 英文关键词:hardened layer gear steel stress-strain relationship energy density equivalence flat indentation finite element analysis |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3408004) |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 刘晓坤 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 颜世铛 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 张衡 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 师陆冰 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 刘忠明 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 裴帮 | 郑机所郑州传动科技有限公司，郑州 450001 |
| 何旭 | 成都微力特斯科技有限公司，成都 610000 |
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| Author | Institution |
| LIU Xiaokun | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| YAN Shidang | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| ZHANG Heng | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| SHI Lubing | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| LIU Zhongming | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| PEI Bang | Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Zhengzhou Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China |
| HE Xu | Chengdu Miniature Mechanical Testing Science & Technology Co.Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 实现齿轮钢表面硬化层应力-应变关系等弹塑性力学性能压入测试。方法 基于能量密度等效提出描述材料Hollomon幂律(H律)参数、压头直径、压入功、位移之间关系的平面压入模型，进而提出获取材料H律参数的平面压入试验方法。通过有限元分析，对不同表面粗糙度和表面曲率的平面压入模型进行建模计算，探明2类表面形貌对压入结果的影响规律，并提出修正方法。最后，通过母材的单轴拉伸和平面压入试验对比，验证平面压入试验方法的有效性，并在硬化层材料中应用该方法。结果 通过能量密度等效，提出了用于硬化层弹塑性力学性能获取的平面压入模型和试验方法，结合有限元分析方法，在初始屈服应力和应变硬化指数分别为2 000 MPa和0.4范围内，对平面压入模型参数进行了确定。在被测材料表面粗糙度Ra为3.2 μm以下和表面曲率半径为5 mm以上时，分别提出了修正方法，降低了对材料压入表面形貌的要求。对4种常用齿轮钢的母材进行了平面压入试验，压入试验结果与单轴拉伸结果之间吻合良好，其中，弹性模量和抗拉强度的最大误差不超过3%，屈服强度的最大误差不超过6%。通过平面压入试验方法对4种硬化层材料的应力-应变关系进行了测试，结果具有较好的重复性。结论 针对齿轮钢高强度硬化层，提出了一种对被测材料具有广泛适用性且简便、精确的压入测试方法，可有效获取齿轮钢表面硬化层弹塑性力学性能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The surface of the component is modified by heat treatment or other techniques to achieve a hardened layer. Obtaining the stress-strain relationship is challenging due to the high hardness and difficulty of sampling. In order to realize the indentation test of elastic-plastic mechanical properties such as the stress-strain relationship of the surface-hardened layer of gear steel, the work aims to propose a flat indentation model based on energy density equivalence to describe the relationship between material Hollomon power law (H-law) parameters, indenter diameter, indentation work and displacement for the high-strength hardened layer material. Furthermore, a method for determining the H-law parameter of materials with flat indentation was also developed. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to determine the parameters of the flat indentation model within the range of Young's modulus E of 200 GPa, initial yield stress σy of 200 MPa, 400 MPa, …, 1 800 MPa and 2 000 MPa and strain hardening exponent n of 0.05, 0.1, …, 0.35 and 0.4. The prediction error of the flat indentation model on the stress hardening exponent was corrected. Flat indentation models with different surface roughness and surface curvatures were modeled and calculated to investigate the effect of the two types of surface morphology on indentation results. Proposed correction methods reduced the requirement of indentation surface topography and improved the robustness of the flat indentation method when the surface roughness Ra of the measured material was 0.4 μm, 0.8 μm, 1.6 μm, and 3.2 μm, and the surface radius of curvature R was 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm, respectively. In terms of experimentation, a diamond cylindrical flat indenter with a diameter of 0.3 mm was employed to perform flat indentation tests on the base metals of four commonly used gear steels of 18CrNiMo7-6, 20Cr2Ni4A, 18Cr2Ni4WA and 20CrMnMoH. The maximum indentation displacement was approximately 60 μm, and the maximum indentation load was approximately 700 N. The initial yield stress and strain hardening exponent of the H-law parameter were obtained by inverting the loading coefficient and loading exponent of the loading section of the indentation energy-displacement curve. The Young's modulus of the H-law parameter was obtained by inverting the unloading stiffness of the unloading section of the curve. The conditional yield strength Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm were obtained from the H-law parameter. The results of the indentation test and the results of the uniaxial tensile test were in good agreement with each other. The maximum error in the elastic modulus and tensile strength was no greater than 3%, while the maximum error in the conditional yield strength was no greater than 6%. The hardened layer heat treatment was carburizing and quenching. The treatment conditions were as follows of well gas carburizing, nitrogen-methanol atmosphere, carburizing temperature of (930±5) ℃ carburizing time of 22 h, quenching temperature of (830±5) ℃ (20CrMnMoH:(850± 5) ℃), and quenching medium of bright quenching oil. The stress-strain relationship of the four hardened layer materials was evaluated through the use of the flat indentation test method, and the results demonstrated good repeatability. In conclusion, a straightforward and precise indentation test method with broad applicability is proposed. It is capable of effectively obtaining the elastic-plastic mechanical properties of the surface-hardened layer of gear steel. |
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