毛华恺,高森奥,张国栋,杨兵.激光增材制造能耗与碳排放研究进展[J].表面技术,2025,54(7):1-18.
MAO Huakai,GAO Sen'ao,ZHANG Guodong,YANG Bing.Research Progress of Laser Additive Manufacturing Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(7):1-18 |
| 激光增材制造能耗与碳排放研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Laser Additive Manufacturing Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-07 修订日期：2024-12-23 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.07.001 |
| 中文关键词: 激光增材制造 能耗 碳排放 建模 生命周期法 |
| 英文关键词:laser additive manufacturing energy consumption carbon emissions modeling life cycle approach |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52371073) |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 毛华恺 | 武汉大学 动力与机械学院，武汉 430072 |
| 高森奥 | 武汉大学 动力与机械学院，武汉 430072 |
| 张国栋 | 武汉大学 动力与机械学院，武汉 430072 |
| 杨兵 | 武汉大学 动力与机械学院，武汉 430072 |
|
| Author | Institution |
| MAO Huakai | School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China |
| GAO Sen'ao | School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China |
| ZHANG Guodong | School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China |
| YANG Bing | School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 激光增材制造是一类先进的增材制造技术，具有加工自由、工序简单、成本低等诸多优势。目前，激光增材制造技术受到学者们的青睐，已广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、生物医学等领域。随着全球制造业的发展，能源消耗日益增加，大量温室气体的排放，使得环境问题愈发严重。介绍了激光增材制造的主要类型和工艺特点，基于激光金属沉积和激光粉末床熔融2类技术分支，分析了该技术的先进性和发展潜力。总结了激光增材制造能耗建模的主要方法，基于生产系统和能量类型，综述了能耗建模与工艺参数优化的研究进展。对比了现有工业碳排放的测算与建模方式，指出生命周期法在增材制造碳排放研究中的优势，重点分析了运用该方法建立激光增材制造碳排放模型的基本步骤。从模型准确性和工艺参数优化效果等方面出发，介绍了激光增材制造及相关碳排放技术的研究案例。在此基础上，归纳了目前激光增材制造及相关能耗与碳排放研究内容，展望了未来的发展方向，以期为激光增材制造的节能、低碳、绿色生产提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) has been widely used in aerospace, transportation, biomedical and other fields owing to its advantages of processing freedom, simple process and low cost. With the development of the global manufacturing industry, greenhouse gases generated by large amount of energy consumption make the environmental problems more and more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to study the energy consumption and carbon emission problems in the manufacturing industry. The advancement and development potentials of LAM within the manufacturing industry are introduced, and the progress of research on energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM and related technologies is discussed. Starting from the types of LAM technologies, their respective technical characteristics are described. Based on the two types of LAM technology branches, the research results and development potentials of LAM technologies in each field are discussed, and the necessity of research on energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM technologies is pointed out. By analyzing the research cases of energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM technologies, the existing research results and progress are summarized, the shortcomings are clarified, and the future development direction is pointed out. LAM mainly includes Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Their respective advantages make LAM advanced in many aspects such as processing link, free customization, and processing range. In addition, it has a great potential for development owing to the good performance of the finished product and the high processing efficiency. Thus, it is highly prospective and necessary to study the energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM. The energy consumption modeling of LAM can mainly be based on the production system or energy type. Based on the production system, Chinese scholars have established an energy consumption model with accuracy of up to 98.63%. German and American scholars have established an energy consumption model of selective laser melting technology based on the production system, and the energy saving rate of producing 316L stainless steel wheel bracket is as high as 52.85% after the optimization of process parameters. The model based on the type of energy ways to establish the error is often large, and it is difficult to collect test data on the accuracy of the model for direct verification. The research methods on industrial carbon emission mainly include the actual measurement method, the input-output method and the life cycle approach (LCA). Among them, LCA has become the main method for carbon emission research of LAM and related technologies owing to its advantages of wide applicability, high model reliability and convenient optimization of process parameters. The accuracy rate of the existing carbon emission model can reach 97.1%. Moreover, foreign scholars have proposed that sensitivity analysis and case studies can be utilized to improve the model reliability. Domestic scholars have taken the lead in modeling the carbon emission of laser welding and optimizing the process parameters. Compared with the empirical parameters, the carbon emission can be reduced by 16%, while improving the powder utilization rate by 11% and optimizing the aspect ratio of finished products by 6%. At present, the research on LAM energy consumption and carbon emission modeling has been initially carried out, and some progress has been made both at China and abroad in terms of modeling methods. However, there are still deficiencies in the accuracy of the model, the research scope of process parameters and indicators, and the linkage law of process parameters-indicators-optimization objectives. In the future, the established LAM energy consumption and carbon emission model will be fully optimized to meet the actual production requirements while possessing reliability and accuracy. |
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