张群莉,李国昌,董浩芃,沈鹏,陈智君,吴国龙,任得余,姚建华.42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程应力与变形研究[J].表面技术,2024,53(21):142-152.
ZHANG Qunli,LI Guochang,DONG Haopeng,SHEN Peng,CHEN Zhijun,WU Guolong,REN Deyu,YAO Jianhua.Stress and Deformation of 42CrMo Steel during Laser-Electromagnetic Induction Hybrid Quenching Process[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(21):142-152 |
| 42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程应力与变形研究 |
| Stress and Deformation of 42CrMo Steel during Laser-Electromagnetic Induction Hybrid Quenching Process |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-07 修订日期：2024-04-12 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.21.015 |
| 中文关键词: 42CrMo钢 激光-电磁感应复合淬火 应力 变形 模拟 |
| 英文关键词:42CrMo steel laser-electromagnetic induction hybrid quenching stress deformation simulation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4603400);浙江省“尖兵”攻关计划项目(2022C03021，2024SJCZX0040) |
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| Author | Institution |
| ZHANG Qunli | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China;Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Laser Intelligent Equipment Technology, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325013, China |
| LI Guochang | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| DONG Haopeng | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| SHEN Peng | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| CHEN Zhijun | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China;Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Laser Intelligent Equipment Technology, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325013, China |
| WU Guolong | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China;Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Laser Intelligent Equipment Technology, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325013, China |
| REN Deyu | Zhejiang Tianma Bearing Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Deqing 313219, China |
| YAO Jianhua | College of Mechanical Engineering,Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 提高激光强化风电机组轴承的尺寸稳定性，对激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程中的应力演化过程进行分析，并研究工艺参数对淬火变形的影响规律。方法 通过考虑淬火相关的工艺过程、材料参数、热源输入及边界条件，使用COMSOL软件建立42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火数学温度-组织-应力场多物理场耦合模型，研究淬火过程中的温度、组织和应力变化过程，并进行复合淬火实验验证。通过改进边界条件，建立轴承试件的淬火模型，通过改变相关工艺参数包括激光功率、感应功率和扫描速度，研究工艺对轴承淬火变形的影响规律，并与实际轴承实验结果进行对比。结果 经实验测试结果和模型结果对比，感应和激光的温度相对误差分别为5.48%和9.69%，淬硬层深度的相对误差为5.66%，工件中心点应力相对误差为7.14%。结合温度变化和组织变化，将应力变化过程分为感应加热阶段、激光加热阶段、自然冷却阶段和强制水冷阶段。改进后的大轴承表面变形量的模拟值与实验值相对平均误差为0.58%。结论 在复合淬火过程中，应力同时受到热应力和组织相变应力的影响，热应力和组织相变应力在每个阶段起作用的主体不同。随着激光功率和感应功率的减小，以及扫描速度的增大，轴承内圈外滚道表面法向位移变小，尺寸稳定性越好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The development potential of the new energy market is enormous, and the prospects for wind turbines are even broader. As key components of wind turbines, wind turbine bearings have extremely high requirements for the performance of bearings because of their inconvenient lifting and replacement process. However, under the long-term complex and heavy-load working conditions, wind turbine bearings are very likely to failure, requiring surface strengthening to improve their performances. In order to improve the dimensional stability of laser strengthened wind turbine bearings, the stress evolution process during laser-induction hybrid quenching was analyzed and the influence of different process parameters on quenching deformation was explored in this article. A mathematical model for laser-induction hybrid quenching of 42CrMo steel was established using COMSOL software by considering factors such as laser-induction hybrid quenching process, material parameters, heat source input, and boundary conditions. Solid heat transfer, metal phase change, and solid heat transfer modules were added to the software to study temperature, microstructure, and stress changes during the quenching process, and hybrid quenching experiments were conducted to verify them. The experimental results were conducted to temperature testing, quenching layer depth testing, and stress testing. The test results and simulation results were compared and analyzed to verify the correctness of the model. By improving the model, a model of bearing components was established, and the effects of relevant process parameters such as laser power, induction power, and scanning speed on bearing quenching deformation were studied. The results were compared with actual bearing test results. By comparing the experimental test results with the model results, it was found that the relative errors of induction temperature and laser temperature were 5.48% and 9.69%, respectively. The relative error of the depth of the hardened layer was 5.66%, and the relative error of the stress at the center point of the workpiece was 7.14%. It could be considered that the established model could better reflect the temperature changes, microstructure phase transformation changes, and stress changes during the laser-induction hybrid quenching process. By combining the temperature change results calculated by the model with the change results of tissue transformation, the stress change process was divided into four stages according to the stress change law:induction heating stage, laser heating stage, free cooling stage and forced water cooling stage. The dominant role of thermal stress and tissue transformation stress was different in each stage. The relative average error between the surface deformation of the improved bearing model and the experimental results was 0.58%. The laser-induction hybrid quenching model established in this article was experimentally verified to have certain accuracy. Through model calculations in combination with changes in temperature and microstructure, the quenching stress change process was explained. In the process of hybrid quenching, stress is simultaneously affected by thermal stress and microstructure stress, and the main body of thermal stress and microstructure transformation stress at each stage is different. As the laser power and induction power decrease, as well as the scanning speed increases, the normal displacement of the outer raceway surface of the bearing inner ring decreases, and the dimensional stability is improved. |
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