韦函,梅益,罗鸿,周学湫,覃冰黎,汪希奎.仿生集水表面的研究进展及应用[J].表面技术,2024,53(20):19-35.
WEI Han,MEI Yi,LUO Hong,ZHOU Xueqiu,QIN Bingli,WANG Xikui.Research Progress and Application on Bionic Water Harvesting Surfaces[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(20):19-35 |
| 仿生集水表面的研究进展及应用 |
| Research Progress and Application on Bionic Water Harvesting Surfaces |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-05 修订日期：2024-03-02 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.20.002 |
| 中文关键词: 仿生 集水 超疏水 超亲水 水资源 润湿性 |
| 英文关键词:bionics water harvesting superhydrophobic superhydrophilic water resource wettability |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(52205304);贵州大学自然科学专项(特岗)项目((2023)25);黔科合中引地([2023]010)贵州省科技创新基地建设项目 |
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| Author | Institution |
| WEI Han | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| MEI Yi | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| LUO Hong | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| ZHOU Xueqiu | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| QIN Bingli | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| WANG Xikui | School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 淡水资源紧缺是当今全球面临的严峻挑战，随着全球人口增长和气候变化的影响，人类面临着日益严重的水资源短缺问题。近年的研究结果显示，通过仿生手段从大气中获取水资源，是一种备受关注的可行方法，仿生集水技术应运而生。仿生集水技术具有广泛的应用潜力，在大气水收集、海水淡化、工业废水回收和微流控等多个领域具备较好的应用前景。综述了近年来仿生集水技术的发展现状、制备工艺、集水原理和应用前景，总结了基于新型生物学水收集原理的仿生材料/结构/表面处理方法和应用研究现状，分析了仿生集水技术当前面临的问题，包括非均匀润湿集水表面相关理论的深入研究、集水表面耐久性提高及高效低成本制备工艺的开发等，未来的研究方向可集中在提高仿生材料集水性能的可持续性和制备成本的降低等方面，以推动该技术的商业化推广和规模化应用。通过持续的研究和创新，有望看到更多高效、经济的仿生集水技术出现，为人类面临的水资源短缺挑战提供有效的解决方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Water resource crisis is a severe challenge faced by the world today. Due to the increasing global population and the impact of climate change, we are facing an increasingly severe water scarcity issue. The demand for freshwater is continually rising, while the supply remains limited. In recent years, the concept of bionic water harvesting has gained immense attention and is considered a promising solution to alleviate water scarcity. This article starts with different biological inspirations and introduces the preparation processes and water-harvesting conditions of bionic water harvesting surfaces both domestically and internationally. The future development prospects of bionic water harvesting technology are also discussed. The process of fog collection can be divided into several key steps:capturing droplets from the air, microstructure-driven directional transport of microdroplets, aggregation of microdroplets into macroscopic droplets, and detaching the droplets on the water harvesting device eventually. Bionic water harvesting technology has made breakthrough progress in recent years. Herein, the development status, preparation craft, water harvesting principle and application prospects of recent bionic water harvesting technologies are reviewed, and the bionic materials/structures/surface preparation methods and application research status based on new bionic water harvesting principles are summarized. The present engineering applications involving bionic water harvesting are identified and listed, which demonstrate the boundless potential of its future engineering applications. Researchers have drawn inspiration from various organisms in nature to develop water harvesting devices with the ability to condense fog. The nanostructured back of the Namib desert beetle allows it to capture airborne droplets for its own use in extremely harsh environments. The groove structure on the tip, middle, and base of the cactus spines enables efficient droplet capture and directional transport, ensuring water supply for its survival. Spider silk also possesses effective water harvesting capabilities, achieving droplet aggregation and directional transport through the Laplace pressure gradient between the spinneret and silk threads. The multi-scale microcavity structure on the pitcher plant facilitates the accelerated transport of droplets, laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent unidirectional rapid droplet transport. Bionic water harvesting technology is developing rapidly. Despite its relatively short development period of just over a decade, various fabrication processes for bionic water harvesting surfaces have undergone significant changes. The fabrication of beetle-inspired surfaces has gradually shifted its focus to the construction of non-uniformly mixed wetting surfaces and the development of novel micro-surface structures. The preparation of cactus spine-inspired water harvesting devices has transitioned from magnetic rheological structure to the construction of a copper-based gradient wetting model with conical spines. The early-stage fabrication of spider silk-inspired water harvesting structures relies on uniform solution coating and the Raleigh instability effect, providing feasibility. In later stages, it gradually transitions to high-efficiency fiber surface coating processes. Bionic water harvesting, as a sustainable and effective water collection method, has a very broad prospect for future applications. This technology not only can be used to address water scarcity issues but also demonstrates good application potential in fields such as oil-water separation, agricultural irrigation, self-cleaning surfaces, and nucleic acid detection. However, there is still significant room for improvement in bionic water harvesting. Exploration of theoretical models to guide practical experiments, development of durable working surfaces for harsh working environments, and the transition from laboratory-scale to real-world implementation are included. To drive the commercialization and widespread application of these technologies, future research should concentrate on improving the sustainability and reducing the manufacturing cost of biomimetic materials. Only if these challenges are addressed, can we ensure a more water-secure future for our planet. |
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