秦立果,刘建波,李航,卢山,马泽宇,王征,董光能.水下湍流减阻技术研究进展[J].表面技术,2024,53(16):1-18.
QIN Liguo,LIU Jianbo,LI Hang,LU Shan,MA Zeyu,WANG Zheng,DONG Guangneng.Research Advances in Drag Reduction Technologies for Submarine Turbulence[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(16):1-18 |
| 水下湍流减阻技术研究进展 |
| Research Advances in Drag Reduction Technologies for Submarine Turbulence |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-11 修订日期：2024-04-18 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.16.001 |
| 中文关键词: 减阻技术 湍流 结构减阻 超疏水减阻 微气泡减阻 |
| 英文关键词:drag reduction technology turbulence structural drag reduction superhydrophobic drag reduction microbubble drag reduction |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52375298，51975458) |
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| Author | Institution |
| QIN Liguo | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| LIU Jianbo | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| LI Hang | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| LU Shan | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| MA Zeyu | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| WANG Zheng | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
| DONG Guangneng | Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水下湍流减阻技术作为提升航行器航速、实现节能减排的有效手段，受到了学者的广泛关注。迄今，根据减阻机理的不同形成了多样化的减阻技术，依据能否对减阻行为进行调控可分为主动和被动减阻技术。从概述水下湍流减阻技术的研究现状出发，梳理了各项减阻技术从兴起到当前研究热点的发展脉络。系统阐述了各减阻技术对壁面湍流流场的影响机制，并分类别深入分析了其内在减阻机理，如结构减阻的涡干扰、超疏水减阻的滑移，聚合物高分子链的黏弹性、超空泡的界面转换、柔顺壁面的缓冲吸振、微气泡改变流场理化特性和壁面振动破坏拟序结构等减阻机制。论述了各项减阻技术的研究进展，比较了各项技术的发展趋势和不足，如仿生减阻结构无需提供额外的能量就能维持长久的减阻效果，但对复杂多变的流场环境难以维持较高的减阻率;微气泡减阻能大幅降低表面阻力，但存在能耗较高等问题。在此基础上，总结概括了各项减阻技术的应用场景，并从技术集成的角度，展望了水下湍流减阻技术的发展之路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The technology for underwater drag reduction is an effective means to enhance the speed of watercraft and achieve energy-saving and emission reduction goals. It holds significant economic value and promising prospects, thus attracting extensive attention from scholars. Over the course of its development, various drag reduction technologies have been formed based on different mechanisms and categorized into active drag reduction technologies and passive drag reduction technologies depending on their controllability. The work aims to conduct a comprehensive overview of research on turbulence drag reduction technologies, aiming to provide a detailed examination of the progress and impact of various techniques. The developmental trajectory of each drag reduction technology is systematically traced from their inception to current research highlights. Additionally, the impact mechanisms of these technologies on near-wall turbulent boundary layers are explored thoroughly, shedding light on their inherent drag reduction mechanisms. Biomimetic structure drag reduction is built upon the "protrusion height" theory, drawing inspiration from natural structures. Superhydrophobic drag reduction takes a different approach by capitalizing on the "velocity slip" theory, utilizing surface properties to minimize drag forces. On the other hand, polymer drag reduction leverages the "viscoelasticity" theory, introducing polymers into the fluid to modify its dynamic behavior. Innovative technologies such as supercavitation and microbubble drag reduction employ unique strategies. Supercavitation focuses on creating supercavities, while microbubble drag reduction uses bubbles to establish a separation between the fluid medium and the surface, thereby mitigating drag effects. Compliant wall surface drag reduction, incorporating "elastic vibration", aims to dynamically adapt wall surfaces for effective drag reduction. Additionally, wall oscillation or blowing drag reduction directly targets the large vortex structures on the wall, exerting effect to reduce drag. The development trends and limitations of various technologies are concluded. For instance, biomimetic drag reduction structures inspired by underwater creatures like sharks or pufferfish can reduce wall friction drag by altering the turbulence boundary layer flow coherent structures, thus sustaining a long-lasting drag reduction effect without the need for additional energy input, but may struggle to maintain high drag reduction in complex and variable flow environments. Microbubble drag reduction can create micro bubbles by aeration or electrolysis on the wall surface to separate the contact surfaces from the underwater fluid, which greatly reduces the viscous drag of the flow fields to the contact surfaces. Nonetheless, it comes with the drawback of higher energy consumption. Superhydrophobic surfaces are capable of inducing velocity slip in the near-wall turbulence boundary layer of the fluid medium, leading to noticeable drag reduction effects. Nevertheless, they are susceptible to issues like coating exfoliation corrosion and degradation, making them prone to reduced effectiveness. Based on these foundations, the study offers a perspective on the future directions of underwater drag reduction technologies from a technology integration perspective. At present, single drag reduction technology faces challenges in maintaining high levels of drag reduction effectiveness in complex flow fields. Therefore, combining multiple drag reduction technologies is essential to achieving more pronounced cumulative drag reduction effects. With the rapid development of micro and nanomanufacturing, it is becoming increasingly feasible to fine-tune flow fields. This paves the way for the integration of various drag reduction technologies, such as anti-fouling, hydrophobicity, microstructures, deformations, and bubbles may be integrated into actively controlled surfaces, leading to the birth of a multifunctional intelligent drag reduction skin. |
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