杨高林,刘谭亮,雍兆,郑权航,王晓江,石岳林,姚建华.水帘结构同步水冷装置对光-粉同路激光熔覆温度场的影响研究[J].表面技术,2024,53(13):13-21. YANG Gaolin,LIU Tanliang,YONG Zhao,ZHENG Quanhang,WANG Xiaojiang,SHI Yuelin,YAO Jianghua.Influence Mechanism of Water Curtain Synchronous Water Cooling on Temperature Field of Laser-powder Co-path Laser Cladding[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(13):13-21 |
水帘结构同步水冷装置对光-粉同路激光熔覆温度场的影响研究 |
Influence Mechanism of Water Curtain Synchronous Water Cooling on Temperature Field of Laser-powder Co-path Laser Cladding |
投稿时间:2024-04-29 修订日期:2024-06-25 |
DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.13.002 |
中文关键词: 同步水冷 光-粉同路 增材制造 温度控制 能场复合 数值模拟 |
英文关键词:synchronous water cooling laser-powder co-path additive manufacturing temperature control energy field recombination numerical simulation |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(52035014);浙江省公益技术应用研究资助项目(LGG22E050036);舟山科技计划项目(2023C13011) |
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Author | Institution |
YANG Gaolin | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
LIU Tanliang | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
YONG Zhao | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
ZHENG Quanhang | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
WANG Xiaojiang | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
SHI Yuelin | Zhoushan Dingzun Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhoushan 316031, China |
YAO Jianghua | Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
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中文摘要: |
目的 解决大型设备激光增材修复过程中的局部升温易烧蚀零件边缘、熔化内部导线及橡胶圈、损坏原有结构的问题。方法 采用Fluent软件和VOF模型研究水帘下干区稳定气液两相流模型,通过Abaqus软件和热传导三定律、热弹塑性理论、热变形理论建立温度场和弯曲变形的数值模型,并通过对比光-粉同路和同步水冷2种方式下熔覆316L不锈钢的熔池形貌、晶粒尺寸、热量累积、弯曲变形差异,验证同步水冷对熔覆过程中温度场的影响机理。结果 同步水冷装置内部水帘呈散射状流向四周,能够形成稳定的干区环境,沉积后的金相表面无明显气孔、裂纹等缺陷。在相同参数单道沉积时,温度云图和熔池形貌表明,水冷有效缩减了熔池的大小,但其对熔池凝固速度的影响较小,二者平均晶粒尺寸仅存在略微差别,分别为28.81 μm和27.55 μm。多道沉积时,水帘的冷却作用拔高了熔池边缘的温度差异,拉低了外延区域的热量累积,在降低基板整体温度的同时,增大了熔池边缘的温度梯度,而温差的增大带来了更大的热应力,导致不同沉积方式下基板的变形程度不同。在悬臂梁搭接熔覆试验中,采用热电偶测得同步水冷能保持基板背面温度在50 ℃以下,而光-粉同路最高能达到500 ℃。同时,悬臂梁厚度较薄时,基板上下面温差产生的热应力大于基板自身约束力,试样发生严重变形,且含同步水冷的变形更为明显。厚度增加时,试样自身约束力增大,变形量差异逐渐减小。结论 同步水冷水路的耦合限制了熔池热量的深入与扩散,可以有效实现熔覆过程中加工区域的温度控制,同时也会导致在工件较薄时弯曲变形程度提升,但在板材厚度大于3 mm时,变形量差别趋于相同,且越来越小。 |
英文摘要: |
Considering that the local temperature rise in laser additive repair of large equipment is likely to ablate the edge of the part, melt the internal wire and rubber ring, and damage the original structure, a water curtain surface synchronous water cooling technology is proposed in this paper, and its temperature field is numerically simulated and experimentally researched. Fluent software and VOF model were used to study the stable gas-liquid two-phase flow model in the dry zone under the curtain. Numerical models of temperature field and bending deformation were established by Abaqus software, three laws of heat conduction, thermos-elastoplastic theory and thermal deformation theory. The influence mechanism of synchronous water cooling on the temperature field of 316L stainless steel was verified by comparing the melt pool morphology, grain size, heat accumulation and bending deformation of the two methods of laser-powder co-path and synchronous water cooling. The water curtain inside the synchronous water cooling device scattered to all sides, forming a stable dry zone environment, and there were no obvious pores, cracks and other defects on the deposited metallographic surface. For single channel deposition with the same parameters, temperature pattern and molten pool morphology showed that water cooling effectively reduces the size of the molten pool, but it had little effect on the solidification rate of the molten pool, and there was only a slight difference in average grain size between them, which was 28.81 μm and 27.55 μm, respectively. During multi-channel deposition, the cooling effect of the water curtain elevated the temperature difference at the edge of the molten pool, reduced the heat accumulation in the epitaxial area, and increased the temperature gradient at the edge of the molten pool while reducing the overall temperature of the substrate. However, the increase in temperature difference brought greater thermal stress, resulting in different deformation degrees of the substrate under different deposition methods. It was found that the temperature on the back of the substrate could be kept below 50 ℃ by synchronous water cooling using thermocouple in the cantilever beam lap cladding experiment, and the maximum temperature of the laser-powder co-path could reach 500 ℃. At the same time, when the cantilever beam was thin, the thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the substrate was greater than the binding force of the substrate itself, and the deformation of the sample with synchronous water cooling was more obvious. With the increase of thickness, the binding force of the specimen increased and the difference of deformation decreased gradually. The coupling of synchronous water cooling waterways limits the depth and diffusion of heat in the molten pool, which can effectively control the temperature of the processing area during the cladding process, and also lead to increased bending deformation degree when the workpiece is thin, but when the thickness of the plate is greater than 3 mm, the deformation difference tends to be the same and becomes smaller and smaller. |
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