董刚,尤涵潇,毛凯军,袁能军,戈民杰,俞学振,张群莉,姚建华.Si含量对激光熔覆316L工艺及腐蚀性能的影响[J].表面技术,2024,53(3):179-190.
DONG Gang,YOU Hanxiao,MAO Kaijun,YUAN Nengjun,GE Minjie,YU Xuezhen,ZHANG Qunli,YAO Jianhua.Effect of Si Element Content on the Manufacturing Process and Corrosion Performance of Laser Clad 316L[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(3):179-190
Si含量对激光熔覆316L工艺及腐蚀性能的影响
Effect of Si Element Content on the Manufacturing Process and Corrosion Performance of Laser Clad 316L
投稿时间:2023-01-07  修订日期:2023-05-06
DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.03.018
中文关键词:  激光熔覆  316  Si  工艺性能  腐蚀性能
英文关键词:laser cladding  316  Si  process properties  corrosion performance
基金项目:浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2022C01117);国家自然科学基金(52035014);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGG20E050019);舟山市“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2022C01019)
作者单位
董刚 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
尤涵潇 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
毛凯军 浙江栋斌橡塑螺杆有限公司,浙江 舟山 316000 
袁能军 浙江栋斌橡塑螺杆有限公司,浙江 舟山 316000 
戈民杰 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
俞学振 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
张群莉 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
姚建华 浙江工业大学 激光先进制造研究院,机械工程学院,杭州 310023;高端激光制造装备协同创新中心,杭州 310023 
AuthorInstitution
DONG Gang Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
YOU Hanxiao Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
MAO Kaijun Zhejiang Dongbin Rubber Plastic Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhoushan 316000, China 
YUAN Nengjun Zhejiang Dongbin Rubber Plastic Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhoushan 316000, China 
GE Minjie Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
YU Xuezhen Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
ZHANG Qunli Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
YAO Jianhua Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310023, China 
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中文摘要:
      目的 提高316L不锈钢粉末中Si元素的含量来改变熔覆层的组织形貌,进而提高熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能。方法 采用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、差重-热差测试对熔覆层试样的宏观形貌与微观结构组成进行表征。结果 随着Si含量的提升,激光熔覆层厚度增大,平均单层熔覆层厚度由0.8% Si的700 μm熔高增大至1.2% Si的800 μm与1.6% Si的900 μm,分别增大了14%与29%。其次,Si含量的提升能显著提升熔覆层的抗高温氧化性能,高温下氧化形成的SiO2膜层能够有效阻碍O2对熔池的氧化。TG测试结果表明,0.8% Si在高温下的平均氧化质量增量为32%,而1.6% Si的氧化质量增量仅为19%。同时,原位生成的纳米氧化硅颗粒使得熔覆层组织晶粒出现细化。最后,随着Si元素含量的提升,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能得到显著提升。Si元素形成的氧化膜层能有效阻碍腐蚀的进行,提升熔覆层的腐蚀性能。熔覆层自腐蚀电位正向偏移,腐蚀电流下降,同时熔覆层阻值提升。结论 随着Si元素的质量分数由0.8%提升至1.6%,熔覆层的工艺性能显著提升,熔覆层厚度增加,且高温抗氧化性能提升,同时熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能得到显著提高。
英文摘要:
      As research into metal additive manufacturing continues, laser cladding is gaining increasing attention in the forming and reworking of complex parts. The heating rate and cooling rate in laser processing are extremely high, which can lead to cracks and damage to the cladding layer. The risk of cracking is reduced by increasing the Si content of the laser cladding powder. This lowers the melting point of the powder, thereby reducing the heat input during processing. However, the effect of Si is not limited to lowering the melting point of the powder. In order to investigate the effect of Si on the fabrication process and the corrosion performance of cladding layers, 316L cladding layers with different Si contents were fabricated on 316L substrates with 0.8% Si-316L, 1.2% Si-316L and 1.6% Si-316L powders, respectively. The macroscopic morphology and microstructural composition of the cladding samples were characterized by laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the thickness of the laser cladding layer increased as the Si content increased. The average thickness of a single layer increased from 700 μm at 0.8% Si to 800 μm at 1.2% Si and to 900 μm at 1.6% Si, increasing by 14% and 29%. At the same time, because the laser cladding layers were stacked layer by layer, the entire layer underwent a complex thermal cycling process that greatly affected the stability of the final cladding properties. By increasing the Si content of the powder, the number of stacked layers could be reduced. This would result in a more consistent quality of the final layer. In the meantime, the oxidation of elemental Si produced SiO2, which protected the melt pool well and reduced the oxidation of the cladding layer. The results of the TG tests showed that 0.8% Si oxidized at high temperatures and gained an average of 32% by weight, whereas 1.6% Si oxidized at a rate of only 19% by weight. Si preferentially reacted with oxygen to protect the remaining elements in the melt pool for thermodynamic reasons. This protection was enhanced by the extremely high melt pool cooling rate, ultimately leading to improved oxidation of metallic elements in the cladding at high temperature. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the molten cladding could be improved by the oxidation of elemental Si to SiO2. The number of pits on the sample surface decreased significantly with increasing Si content in the electrochemical tests. The electrochemical results showed that the corrosion current decreased from 2.039×10–6 A.cm–2 to 1.889×10–6 A.cm–2 and 1.422×10–6 A.cm–2 with increasing elemental Si content, while the self-corrosion potential moved in a positive direction. From the dynamic polarization curves, it could be seen that as the Si content increased, the corrosion performance increased mainly in the form of a longer passivation interval. This was most likely due to the conversion of Si to SiO2 which was enriched on the Cr2O3 passivation layer. This compensated for the lack of Cr2O3 passivation. The pitting potentials of all three increased from 0.8% Si (0.4 V) to 1.2% Si (0.6 V) and 1.6%Si (0.9 V). The impedance spectral data also showed that the impedance of the specimens increased with Si content. In particular, the passivation impedance R2 increased from 0.65×105 Ω.cm2 to 3.55× 105 Ω.cm2 and 4.08×105 Ω.cm2, indicating that the oxidation of elemental Si to form SiO2 improved the passivation layer of the 316L surface layer, effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer.
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